“At least one-third of all the known cancers are preventable. And the prevention includes a major change in lifestyle.“
Tobacco smoking – Tobacco is the single and largest preventable cause of cancers. 80% to 90% of patients who died due to lung cancers are tobacco users. Moreover, 30% of deaths from cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, esophagus and stomach are directly associated with this lifestyle. Because of these alarming statistics, a comprehensive strategy was designed. This includes bans on advertising tobacco and sponsorship as well as increasing the taxes on its products. In May 2003, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control was adopted. This aims to decrease the incidence of tobacco-related deaths and diseases.
Diet, physical activity and health – Diet is a major modification for preventing cancer. There is a direct correlation between overweight and obesity to many cancerous diseases. Eating fruits and vegetables may protect an individual for developing these unwanted diseases. In contrast with eating red meat, excessive consumption of these may increase the risk of developing colon cancer.
Physical activity, on the other hand, maintains one’s body weight. Along with a healthy diet, it decreases the likelihood of developing cancer. Moreover, regular exercise and healthy diet lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Infectious disease – Infectious agents can cause cancer. Viral hepatitis B and C can cause liver cancer, the same with human papilloma virus infection for cervical cancer and Helicobacter pylori in stomach cancer. Parasitic infection such as schistosomiasis may increase the incidence of bladder cancer and liver fluke with cholangiocarcinoma of the bile ducts. These may be prevented by vaccination and proper hygiene.
Ultraviolet radiation – Excessive exposure to ionizing radiation is also known to cause certain type of cancers. An example of which is the solar ultraviolet radiation that may predispose to the development of skin cancer. Avoiding excessive exposure to sun, use of protective clothing and use of sun-block are quite effective as precautions.
